不定詞與動名詞

Infinitives and Gerunds

高頻

不定詞（to + V）和動名詞（V-ing）都可以當作名詞使用，但有些動詞只能接不定詞，有些只能接動名詞，有些兩者都可以但意義不同。這是學測文法題的必考重點。

文法規則說明

1

【Verbs Followed Only by Infinitives】只能接不定詞（to V）的動詞，通常表示未來的意圖、希望、決定或計畫。常見的有：want、hope、wish、expect、decide、plan、agree、refuse、promise、pretend、learn、manage、afford、offer、choose、tend、intend、mean（打算）等。 公式：V + to V

2

【Verbs Followed Only by Gerunds】只能接動名詞（V-ing）的動詞，通常表示已經發生的、正在進行的或一般性的動作。常見的有：enjoy、finish、avoid、mind、suggest、consider、practice、keep、quit、give up、deny、admit、delay、postpone、imagine、risk、resist、miss、appreciate 等。口訣：MEGA FAPS（Mind、Enjoy、Give up、Avoid、Finish、Admit、Practice、Suggest）。 公式：V + V-ing

3

【Verbs with Different Meanings (to V vs. V-ing)】有些動詞可以接不定詞或動名詞，但意義不同。remember/forget + to V（記得/忘記要去做）vs. + V-ing（記得/忘記曾經做過）；stop + to V（停下來去做另一件事）vs. + V-ing（停止正在做的事）；try + to V（試圖、努力去做）vs. + V-ing（嘗試做做看）；regret + to V（遺憾地要...）vs. + V-ing（後悔做了...）。 公式：remember/forget/stop/try/regret + to V ≠ + V-ing

4

【Infinitive / Gerund as Subject】不定詞和動名詞都可以當句子的主詞。動名詞當主詞較常見於一般陳述；不定詞當主詞較正式，通常會用虛主詞 it 代替。當主詞時，動詞用單數。 公式：V-ing / To V + 單數 V

5

【Preposition + Gerund】介系詞後面只能接動名詞（V-ing），不能接不定詞。常見的片語：be interested in、be good at、look forward to、be used to、be devoted to、in addition to、instead of、without、before、after 等。注意 look forward to 和 be used to 中的 to 是介系詞，不是不定詞的 to。 公式：介系詞 + V-ing

例句

She decided to study abroad after graduation.

她決定畢業後去國外讀書。

decided to study

I can't afford to buy a new car.

我買不起新車。

afford to buy

He promised to help me with the project.

他答應幫我做這個專案。

promised to help

She enjoys listening to music while studying.

她喜歡邊讀書邊聽音樂。

enjoys listening

Have you finished writing the report?

你寫完報告了嗎？

finished writing

You should avoid eating too much junk food.

你應該避免吃太多垃圾食物。

avoid eating

I remember locking the door. (我記得我鎖了門——已發生)

我記得我鎖了門。

remember locking

Remember to lock the door before you leave. (記得要鎖門——尚未發生)

離開前記得要鎖門。

Remember to lock

She stopped talking when the teacher came in. (她停止說話)

老師進來時她停止說話。

stopped talking

Swimming is a great form of exercise.

游泳是很好的運動方式。

Swimming is

To err is human; to forgive is divine.

犯錯是人之常情；寬恕是神聖的。

To err is ... to forgive is

Learning a new language takes time and patience.

學習一門新語言需要時間和耐心。

Learning ... takes

She is interested in learning Japanese.

她對學日文有興趣。

interested in learning

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

我期待很快收到你的回覆。

look forward to hearing

He left without saying goodbye.

他沒有道別就離開了。

without saying

常見錯誤

!

I enjoy to play basketball on weekends. (✗) → I enjoy playing basketball on weekends. (✓)　enjoy 只能接動名詞（V-ing），不能接不定詞（to V）。enjoy playing / enjoy reading / enjoy watching 等。

!

I look forward to see you next week. (✗) → I look forward to seeing you next week. (✓)　look forward to 中的 to 是介系詞，不是不定詞的 to，所以後面要接動名詞 seeing。這是學測最常出的陷阱題。

!

She stopped to talk and listened to the teacher. (✗) → She stopped talking and listened to the teacher. (✓)　stop to V 表示「停下來去做某事」；stop V-ing 表示「停止正在做的事」。此句意思是她停止說話，所以用 stopped talking。

快速練習

練習 1

I will never forget _____ the Great Wall for the first time. (A) visit　(B) to visit　(C) visiting　(D) visited

練習 2

The students are looking forward to _____ their summer vacation. (A) enjoy　(B) enjoying　(C) be enjoyed　(D) have enjoyed

練習 3

She decided _____ a part-time job to earn some extra money. (A) getting　(B) to get　(C) get　(D) got

練習 4

Would you mind _____ the window? It's a bit cold in here. (A) to close　(B) close　(C) closing　(D) closed

練習 5

Remember _____ your homework before going to bed tonight. (A) to finish　(B) finishing　(C) finish　(D) having finished

學測應試技巧

💡

學測最常考的是：只接動名詞的動詞（enjoy、avoid、finish、mind、suggest 等），背熟這些動詞非常重要。

💡

remember/forget/stop + to V vs. V-ing 的意義差異是經典考題，幾乎年年出現。to V 指尚未發生的事，V-ing 指已發生的事。

💡

look forward to、be used to、be devoted to、object to 等片語中的 to 是介系詞，後面接 V-ing。這是最常見的陷阱題。

💡

遇到不確定的動詞時，想想動作的時間：已發生的傾向用動名詞，尚未發生的傾向用不定詞。

手寫筆記

載入中...

用 Apple Pencil 寫下重點筆記，自動儲存

開始測驗