倒裝句

Inversion

中頻

倒裝句是將正常的主詞+動詞語序改為動詞（或助動詞）+主詞的結構。英文中在特定情況下需要使用倒裝，包括否定副詞放句首、only 放句首、so/neither 表示相同情況等。

文法規則說明

1

【Negative Adverb Inversion】否定副詞或含有否定意味的詞組放在句首時，後面的主詞和動詞要倒裝（助動詞/be 動詞放在主詞前面）。常見的否定副詞：Never、Rarely、Seldom、Hardly、Scarcely、Not only、By no means、Under no circumstances、At no time、In no way 等。 公式：否定副詞 + 助動詞/be + S + V

2

【Only + Adverbial Inversion】當 Only + 副詞/副詞片語/副詞子句放在句首時，主要子句要倒裝。注意：Only 修飾主詞時不需要倒裝。常見形式：Only then、Only after、Only when、Only by、Only in this way 等。 公式：Only + 副詞(片語/子句) + 助動詞/be + S + V

3

【So / Neither Inversion】用 So + 助動詞/be + S 表示「某人也是如此」（肯定）；用 Neither/Nor + 助動詞/be + S 表示「某人也不是如此」（否定）。注意助動詞要與前一句的動詞時態一致。 公式：So + 助動詞/be + S（肯定）/ Neither/Nor + 助動詞/be + S（否定）

4

【Place Adverb Inversion】表示地方或方向的副詞（如 here、there、up、down、away、off 等）放在句首時，若主詞是名詞，則主詞和動詞完全倒裝（動詞放在主詞前面）。但若主詞是代名詞，則不倒裝。 公式：地方副詞 + V + S（名詞）/ 地方副詞 + S（代名詞）+ V

5

【Hardly...when / No sooner...than】表示「一...就...」的句型：Hardly/Scarcely + had + S + V-pp + when/before + S + V-ed；No sooner + had + S + V-pp + than + S + V-ed。前半句用過去完成式，後半句用過去簡單式。倒裝只發生在前半句。 公式：Hardly had S V-pp when S V-ed / No sooner had S V-pp than S V-ed

例句

Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

我從未見過如此美麗的日落。

Never have I seen

Rarely does she complain about her workload.

她很少抱怨她的工作量。

Rarely does she

Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got the highest score.

他不僅通過了考試，還得了最高分。

Not only did he

Only after he graduated did he realize the importance of education.

直到畢業後他才意識到教育的重要性。

Only after ... did he realize

Only by working hard can you achieve your goals.

只有努力工作你才能達成目標。

Only by working hard can you

Only when she called me did I know about the accident.

直到她打電話給我，我才知道那場意外。

Only when ... did I know

"I like chocolate." "So do I."

「我喜歡巧克力。」「我也是。」

So do I

"She can't swim." "Neither can he."

「她不會游泳。」「他也不會。」

Neither can he

"Tom has been to Japan." "So has Mary."

「湯姆去過日本。」「瑪麗也去過。」

So has Mary

Here comes the bus!

公車來了！

Here comes the bus

There goes the bell.

鈴響了。

There goes the bell

Here it comes. (代名詞不倒裝)

它來了。

Here it comes

Hardly had I arrived home when it started to rain.

我一到家就開始下雨了。

Hardly had I arrived ... when

No sooner had she finished dinner than the phone rang.

她一吃完晚餐電話就響了。

No sooner had she finished ... than

Scarcely had the game begun before it was called off due to rain.

比賽才剛開始就因為下雨被取消了。

Scarcely had the game begun before

常見錯誤

!

Never I have seen such a thing. (✗) → Never have I seen such a thing. (✓)　否定副詞 Never 放句首時，必須倒裝，將助動詞 have 移到主詞 I 前面。不可以維持原來的語序。

!

"I like coffee." "So I do." (✗) → "I like coffee." "So do I." (✓)　So 表示「也是如此」時，語序為 So + 助動詞 + S。如果寫成 So I do，意思會變成「我的確如此」（強調語氣），而非「我也是」。

!

Only Tom can solve this problem. (倒裝為) Only Tom can solve this problem. (✗) → Only Tom can solve this problem. (不需要倒裝) (✓)　當 Only 修飾的是主詞（Tom）而非副詞時，不需要倒裝。只有 Only + 副詞/副詞片語/副詞子句放在句首時才需要倒裝。

快速練習

練習 1

Never _____ such a magnificent view before visiting the Grand Canyon. (A) I had seen　(B) had I seen　(C) I have seen　(D) did I see

練習 2

"I have never been to Europe." "_____ have I." (A) So　(B) Either　(C) Neither　(D) Nor

練習 3

Only after the meeting _____ the seriousness of the problem. (A) did they realize　(B) they realized　(C) they did realize　(D) realized they

練習 4

Hardly _____ the station when the train left. (A) I had reached　(B) had I reached　(C) I reached　(D) did I reach

練習 5

Not only _____ the exam, but she also won a scholarship. (A) she passed　(B) did she pass　(C) she did pass　(D) passed she

學測應試技巧

💡

學測常考否定副詞（Never、Not only、Hardly）放句首的倒裝句。記住看到這些詞放句首就要倒裝。

💡

So do I / Neither do I 的用法是學測口語及文法題的常客，注意區分肯定用 So、否定用 Neither/Nor。

💡

Hardly...when... 和 No sooner...than... 的配對要記牢，前者搭 when，後者搭 than。

💡

倒裝句只是把助動詞提前，原來的動詞形式不變。例如 Never have I seen（原句 I have never seen）。

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