分詞

Participles

高頻

分詞包含現在分詞（V-ing）和過去分詞（V-pp）。分詞可以當形容詞修飾名詞，也可以構成分詞構句來簡化子句。學測非常愛考分詞的用法，尤其是分詞構句和感情分詞的區別。

文法規則說明

1

【Present Participle vs. Past Participle as Adjectives】現在分詞（V-ing）表示「令人感到...的」，修飾事物或情境；過去分詞（V-pp）表示「感到...的」，修飾人的感受。常見配對：interesting/interested、exciting/excited、boring/bored、surprising/surprised、confusing/confused 等。 公式：V-ing → 令人...的（修飾事物）/ V-pp → 感到...的（修飾人）

2

【Participial Phrase (分詞構句)】分詞構句是將副詞子句簡化而成的。步驟：(1) 去掉連接詞；(2) 若主詞與主要子句相同則去掉主詞；(3) 動詞改為分詞形式。主動用 V-ing，被動用 V-pp（或 being V-pp）。 公式：V-ing/V-pp + ..., S + V（分詞構句的主詞必須與主要子句一致）

3

【Participle Modifying a Noun】分詞可以放在名詞前面或後面作為形容詞。單一分詞放在名詞前面；分詞片語（分詞+其他修飾語）放在名詞後面。主動關係用 V-ing，被動關係用 V-pp。 公式：N + V-ing/V-pp + ... 或 V-ing/V-pp + N

4

【Absolute Participial Construction (獨立分詞構句)】當分詞構句的主詞與主要子句的主詞不同時，分詞前面必須保留自己的主詞，形成獨立分詞構句。常見的慣用獨立分詞構句有：generally speaking、weather permitting、all things considered 等。 公式：N + V-ing/V-pp, S + V（分詞前的 N 與主要子句的 S 不同）

5

【Perfect Participle (完成式分詞)】當分詞構句的動作發生在主要子句之前時，使用完成式分詞 Having + V-pp（主動）或 Having been + V-pp（被動）來表達時間的先後順序。 公式：Having + V-pp, S + V / Having been + V-pp, S + V

例句

The movie was boring, so the audience felt bored.

這部電影很無聊，所以觀眾覺得無聊。

boring ... bored

It was an exciting game, and all the fans were excited.

這是一場令人興奮的比賽，所有粉絲都很興奮。

exciting ... excited

The confusing instructions left the students confused.

令人困惑的指示讓學生們感到困惑。

confusing ... confused

Walking along the street, I met an old friend.

走在街上時，我遇到了一個老朋友。

Walking along the street

Written in plain English, the book is easy to understand.

這本書用淺顯的英文寫成，很容易理解。

Written in plain English

Not knowing what to do, she asked her teacher for advice.

不知道該怎麼做，她向老師請教。

Not knowing what to do

The woman sitting by the window is my mother.

坐在窗邊的那位女士是我媽媽。

woman sitting by the window

The broken vase was thrown away.

破掉的花瓶被丟掉了。

broken vase

The students selected for the competition need extra training.

被選中參加比賽的學生需要額外的訓練。

students selected for the competition

Weather permitting, we will go hiking this weekend.

天氣允許的話，我們這個週末會去健行。

Weather permitting

The work finished, everyone went home.

工作做完了，大家都回家了。

The work finished

Generally speaking, students in Taiwan study very hard.

一般來說，台灣的學生讀書很用功。

Generally speaking

Having finished his homework, Tom went out to play.

做完功課後，湯姆出去玩了。

Having finished

Having been warned about the storm, the fishermen stayed home.

被警告暴風雨即將來臨後，漁民們留在家裡。

Having been warned

Having lived abroad for years, she speaks English fluently.

在國外住了好幾年，她英文說得很流利。

Having lived abroad

常見錯誤

!

The news was shocked. Everyone was shocking. (✗) → The news was shocking. Everyone was shocked. (✓)　shocking 表示「令人震驚的」，修飾事物（news）；shocked 表示「感到震驚的」，修飾人（everyone）。V-ing 修飾引起情緒的事物，V-pp 修飾感受到情緒的人。

!

Walked along the river, the scenery was beautiful. (✗) → Walking along the river, I found the scenery beautiful. (✓)　分詞構句的主詞必須與主要子句的主詞一致。原句中 walked 的主詞應該是人，但主要子句的主詞是 scenery（景色），造成了「懸垂分詞」的錯誤。

!

Having not finished the report, she stayed up late. (✗) → Not having finished the report, she stayed up late. (✓)　分詞構句的否定，not 要放在分詞前面，即 Not + V-ing 或 Not having + V-pp。不能把 not 放在 having 和 V-pp 之間。

快速練習

練習 1

The lecture was so _____ that many students fell asleep. (A) bored　(B) boring　(C) bore　(D) to bore

練習 2

_____ from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a miniature model. (A) Seeing　(B) Seen　(C) Having seen　(D) To see

練習 3

_____ all the work, the employees decided to celebrate. (A) Finished　(B) Finishing　(C) Having finished　(D) To finish

練習 4

The girl _____ next to the door is my classmate. (A) stands　(B) stood　(C) standing　(D) to stand

練習 5

_____ permitting, the outdoor concert will be held as scheduled. (A) Weather　(B) If weather　(C) The weather is　(D) Weather is

學測應試技巧

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學測最常考的分詞題型是：分詞構句的主動/被動判斷。關鍵是看分詞的邏輯主詞（即主要子句的主詞）與分詞動作的關係。

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V-ing（令人...的）vs. V-pp（感到...的）的區別幾乎年年必考。記住：事物用 -ing，人的感受用 -ed。

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分詞構句中，注意否定詞 not 的位置在分詞前面：Not knowing... / Not having finished...

💡

看到句首有分詞時，先找主要子句的主詞，判斷主動或被動關係，再選擇 V-ing 或 V-pp。

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