主詞與動詞的一致
Subject-Verb Agreement
英文句子中，動詞的形態必須與主詞在人稱和數量上保持一致。學測常考各種容易混淆的主詞形式，包括集合名詞、不定代名詞、數量詞等。
文法規則說明
【Collective Nouns】集合名詞（如 family、team、class、committee、government）視為一個整體時用單數動詞，強調個別成員時用複數動詞。另外，police、people、cattle 等永遠視為複數。 公式：集合名詞（整體）+ 單數動詞 / 集合名詞（個別）+ 複數動詞
【Either...or / Neither...nor】當 either...or... 或 neither...nor... 連接兩個主詞時，動詞的單複數與「靠近動詞的主詞」一致，這稱為「就近原則」。not only...but also... 也適用此規則。 公式：Either A or B + 動詞與 B 一致
【Indefinite Pronouns】不定代名詞中，everyone、everybody、everything、each、either、neither、anyone、nobody 等視為單數。both、few、many、several 等視為複數。some、all、most、none 則視所指的名詞而定。 公式：everyone/each/either/neither + 單數動詞
【Quantity Expressions with "of"】「a number of + 複數名詞」表示「許多」，視為複數；「the number of + 複數名詞」表示「...的數目」，視為單數。類似地，a variety of 為複數，the variety of 為單數。 公式：a number of + 複數 N + 複數 V / the number of + 複數 N + 單數 V
【Intervening Phrases】當主詞和動詞之間有插入語（如 as well as、together with、along with、including、besides、in addition to 等）時，動詞的單複數只與真正的主詞一致，不受插入語影響。 公式：S + (as well as / together with / along with + N) + V（與S一致）
例句
The family is planning a trip to Japan.
這個家庭正在計畫去日本旅行。（視為整體）
family isThe family are arguing about where to go.
家人們正在爭論要去哪裡。（強調個別成員）
family areThe police are investigating the case.
警方正在調查這個案件。（police 永遠複數）
police areEither you or he is responsible for this.
不是你就是他要為此負責。
he isNeither the students nor the teacher was aware of the change.
學生和老師都不知道這個改變。
teacher wasNot only the players but also the coach was disappointed.
不只球員們，教練也很失望。
coach wasEveryone has the right to express their opinions.
每個人都有權表達自己的意見。
Everyone hasEach of the students has a different opinion.
每位學生都有不同的意見。
Each of the students hasNeither of the answers is correct.
兩個答案都不對。
Neither of the answers isA number of students were absent from class today.
今天有許多學生缺課。
A number of students wereThe number of students in this class is thirty.
這個班的學生人數是三十。
The number of students ... isA large amount of money was donated to the charity.
大量的金錢被捐給了慈善機構。
amount of money wasThe teacher, as well as the students, was surprised by the news.
老師和學生們都對這則消息感到驚訝。
teacher ... wasTom, along with his friends, is going to the concert.
湯姆和他的朋友們要去聽演唱會。
Tom ... is goingThe book, including its appendices, costs five hundred dollars.
這本書（包含附錄）要價五百元。
book ... costs常見錯誤
The number of car accidents have increased this year. (✗) → The number of car accidents has increased this year. (✓) 「The number of + 複數名詞」的主詞是 the number，為單數概念，動詞用 has。不要被後面的複數名詞 accidents 影響。
Everyone need to bring their own lunch. (✗) → Everyone needs to bring their own lunch. (✓) Everyone 是不定代名詞，視為單數，動詞要用第三人稱單數形式 needs。注意：雖然 everyone 用單數動詞，但後面的代名詞可用 their（性別中立用法）。
Neither of the two plans are acceptable. (✗) → Neither of the two plans is acceptable. (✓) Neither（兩者都不）作主詞時視為單數，動詞用 is。容易被後面的 plans 誤導而用複數動詞。
快速練習
練習 1
The number of foreign tourists visiting Taiwan _____ significantly over the past decade. (A) have increased (B) has increased (C) are increasing (D) were increasing
練習 2
Either the manager or his assistants _____ going to attend the conference. (A) is (B) are (C) was (D) has been
練習 3
Each of the participants _____ required to submit a report by Friday. (A) are (B) is (C) were (D) have been
練習 4
The professor, together with her research assistants, _____ conducting a new experiment. (A) are (B) is (C) were (D) have been
練習 5
A number of books on the shelf _____ written in English. (A) is (B) has (C) are (D) was
學測應試技巧
學測最常考 a number of（複數）vs. the number of（單數）的區別，幾乎每年都會出現類似考題。
either...or... / neither...nor... 的就近原則是必考重點，注意看靠近動詞的那個主詞。
遇到主詞後面有 as well as、together with、along with 等插入語時，要找出真正的主詞來決定動詞單複數。
不定代名詞（everyone、each、nobody 等）恆為單數，這是最容易犯錯的地方。
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